Typical mainframe computer of the 1970's

Computer Simulations and Surgery: the Genesis

COMPUTERS ADDED their own particular facet to simulation surgery, and in the mid 1970’s ISSiS founding President Toyomi Fujino explored the use of a mainframe computer to recreate in a consistently repeatable wireframe model the various stresses involved in a blow-out fracture of the orbit. A  two dimensional model was successfully created in 1974, followed by a 3-D model in 1975.